In the International Registry for Heart and Lung Transplantation, the one year actuarial survival following cardiac transplantation is approximately 80%. Thereafter there is an annual attrition rate of 2 to 4% so that five year actuarial survival and ten year actuarial survival is approximately 65% and 50% respectively. One and three year actuarial survival following heart-lung and bilateral lung transplantation is approximately 70% and 50% respectively and approximately 80% and 60% respectively following single lung transplantation. Most survivors demonstrate a marked improvement in quality of life. Lung function increases rapidly following surgery and forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity are usually in excess of 70% by the end of the third postoperative month. Results of living related lobar transplantation are similar to those for heart-lung and bilateral lung transplantation.
The most serious late complication following cardiac transplantation is transplant associated coronary artery disease and following pulmonary transplantation is obliterative bronchiolitis.
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